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p-adic Numbers

Explore the hidden universe of p-adic numbers through 21 interactive demonstrations.

See also: Number Theory for the arithmetic that motivates studying p-adic completions, Rings & Fields for Hensel's lemma and finite extensions of Q_p, and Real Analysis for the alternative metric completion of the rationals.

  1. 01

    What Are p-adic Numbers?

    p-adic expansions, the famous ...1111 = -1 result, and fractal tree visualization of Z_p

    3 demos
  2. 02

    p-adic Absolute Value

    p-adic valuations, distance comparison heatmaps, and the ultrametric inequality

    3 demos
  3. 03

    Ultrametric Space

    Every point is the center, nested balls, and the p-adic Cantor set fractal

    3 demos
  4. 04

    p-adic Arithmetic

    Addition with leftward carries, multiplication, and computing inverses digit by digit

    3 demos
  5. 05

    Convergence in Q_p

    Series that diverge in R but converge p-adically, partial sum races, and convergence radii

    3 demos
  6. 06

    Hensel's Lemma

    Newton's method in Q_p, square roots, and building solutions digit by digit

    3 demos
  7. 07

    The p-adic Universe

    Ostrowski's theorem, p-adic fractal dynamics, and the local-global principle

    3 demos

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