Julia Sets

Each point in Mandelbrot has its own Julia set - explore the connection

A Family of Infinite Fractals

While the Mandelbrot set is a single object, Julia setsare an infinite family of fractals - one for each point in the complex plane. Each Julia set uses the same formula z² + c, but with c held constant while varying the starting point z.

Named after French mathematician Gaston Julia, these sets reveal a deep connection: the Mandelbrot set is essentially a "map" of all possible Julia sets, showing which parameter c produces connected vs. disconnected Julia sets.

Explore Julia Sets

Click on the mini Mandelbrot set to choose a parameter c, and watch the corresponding Julia set appear instantly. Try the "Animate" button to see Julia sets morph continuously:

Click to select c parameter

Each point on the Mandelbrot set corresponds to a unique Julia set. Click on the mini Mandelbrot to explore, or try the famous presets!

The Mandelbrot-Julia Connection

c Inside Mandelbrot

When c is inside the Mandelbrot set, the Julia set is connected - a single piece. Often called a "filled Julia set."

c Outside Mandelbrot

When c is outside the Mandelbrot set, the Julia set is totally disconnected - a "Cantor dust" of infinitely many separate points.

Points on the boundary of the Mandelbrot set produce the most intricate Julia sets - try clicking near the boundary to see!

Famous Julia Sets

Douady Rabbit

c ≈ -0.123 + 0.745i. Named for French mathematician Adrien Douady, it has three "ears" meeting at points.

Dendrite

c = i. A tree-like branching structure with no interior - just an infinitely complex boundary.

Siegel Disk

c on certain irrational rotation boundaries. Contains smooth disks where iteration is rotation.

Before Computers

Gaston Julia studied these sets in 1918 - decades before computers! He proved remarkable theorems about their structure without ever seeing their visual beauty.

It wasn't until the 1970s-80s that computers allowed mathematicians to visualize Julia sets and discover the Mandelbrot set as their "parameter space." Benoit Mandelbrot used IBM computers to generate the first images.