Conic Sections

Master the degree-2 curves: circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. See how they all arise from slicing a cone.

The Unity of Conic Sections

Circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas may look different, but they share a beautiful secret: they're all slices of a cone. This is why they're called conic sections.

The discriminant B² - 4AC tells you which conic you have. This single number classifies every degree-2 curve: negative for ellipses, zero for parabolas, and positive for hyperbolas.

Demo 1: The Discriminant Classifier

Adjust the coefficients of the general conic equation Ax² + Bxy + Cy² + Dx + Ey + F = 0. Watch how the discriminant B² - 4AC determines the curve type.

1x² +1y² -1 = 0

Circle

A = C, B = 0. All points equidistant from center.

Discriminant: B² - 4AC = -4.00
Circle: A = C, B = 0
Ellipse: B² - 4AC < 0
Parabola: B² - 4AC = 0
Hyperbola: B² - 4AC > 0

Demo 2: Slicing the Cone

See why they're called conic sections. A plane cutting through a double cone creates different curves depending on its angle.

Circle: Cut perpendicular to the axis

Drag to rotate the view. The colored plane slices through a double cone, creating different conic sections depending on the angle of the cut.

Demo 3: The Focus-Directrix Property

Each conic has a focus-directrix definition. Move your cursor over the curves to see their defining geometric properties in action.

Ellipse: Sum of distances to foci is constant

Move your mouse over the curve to see the defining property. Purple dots are foci (or focus for parabola). The dashed line is the directrix.

Conics Mastered!

You now understand the complete classification of conic sections:

  • Discriminant B² - 4AC: Negative (ellipse), zero (parabola), positive (hyperbola)
  • Circle: Special ellipse where A = C and B = 0
  • Cone slicing: Angle of cut determines the conic type
  • Ellipse: Sum of distances to foci is constant
  • Hyperbola: Difference of distances to foci is constant
  • Parabola: Distance to focus equals distance to directrix

Next: We'll discover Bezout's Theorem — the beautiful rule that tells us exactly how many points two algebraic curves share.